Hydrolysis
Ammonolysis
Alcoholysis
Friedel-Crafts Acylation
Reaction with organocadmium compounds
Ketene intermediate sec 20.9
See reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides above.
Certain cyclic anhydrides undergo ammonolysis to yield products that contain both acid and amide functionality. Heating these compounds may produce an imide. For example:
Can also be made from acid chlorides and anhydrides (see above).
Hydrogenation
Chemical reduction
Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to for carbonic acid.
Carbonic acid has several important derivatives (which are in fact not actually synthesized from carbonic acid itself).
Phosgene or carbonyl chloride
Urea or Carbamide
Cyanamide